SIR2 / YDL042C Overview
- Standard Name
- SIR2 1
- Systematic Name
- YDL042C
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000002200
- Aliases
- MAR1 29
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Conserved NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase of the Sirtuin family; deacetylation targets are primarily nuclear proteins; required for telomere hypercluster formation in quiescent yeast cells; involved in regulation of lifespan; plays roles in silencing at HML, HMR, telomeres, and rDNA; negatively regulates initiation of DNA replication, suppressing early firing of multicopy rDNA origins; functions as regulator of autophagy like mammalian homolog SIRT1, and also of mitophagy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- Name Description
- Silent Information Regulator 1
- Paralog
- HST1
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
- Summary
- SIR2 is located on the left arm of chromosome IV between PRP11 SF3a splicing factor subunit and NAT1 N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA subunit; dubious ORF YDL041W overlaps 5' end of SIR2 on opposite strand; coding sequence is 1689 nucleotides long with 12 SNPs, 4 of which cause amino acid polymorphisms
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Summary
- Sir2p is 562 amino acids long, shorter-lived, low in abundance; glutathionylated on 3 cysteines, sumoylated on 3 lysines, phosphorylated on 8 residues
- Length (a.a.)
- 562
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 63270.6
- Isoelectric Point
- 8.66
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 2711 +/- 557
- Half-life (hr)
- 6.4
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all SIR2 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- NAD-dependent histone deacetylase involved in chromatin assembly, organization and silencing; also involved in sister chromatid cohesion, double-strand break repair, and the tethering of telomeres at the nuclear periphery
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
- enables DNA replication origin binding (IDA)
- enables histone deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent (IDA)
- enables histone H3K14 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent (IDA)
- enables histone H3K9 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent (IDA)
- enables histone H4K16 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent (IDA)
- contributes to nucleosome binding (IDA)
- enables zinc ion binding (RCA)
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in chromatin organization (IGI, IDA)
- involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining (IMP)
- involved in establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere (IMP)
- involved in negative regulation of DNA amplification (IMP)
- involved in negative regulation of DNA recombination (IMP, IGI)
- involved in negative regulation of DNA replication (IMP)
- involved in rDNA heterochromatin formation (IMP)
- involved in regulation of DNA stability (IMP)
- involved in regulation of mating type switching (IMP)
- involved in silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation (IMP)
- involved in sister chromatid cohesion (IMP)
- involved in subtelomeric heterochromatin formation (IMP)
- involved in telomere tethering at nuclear periphery (IMP)
Cellular Component
- Manually Curated
- part of chromatin silencing complex (IDA)
- located in chromosome, telomeric region (IDA, IMP)
- located in heterochromatin (IDA)
- located in nucleolus (IDA)
- part of RENT complex (IDA)
Complex
Macromolecular complex annotations are imported from the Complex Portal. These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background.
Pathways
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Non-essential gene; null mutant has decreased growth in rich media but increased growth on non-fermentable carbon sources; null mutant has decreased replicative lifespan, abnormal chronological lifespan, decreased ionic stress and desiccation resistance but increased oxidative stress resistance in aging cells; null mutant has elevated mitotic and meiotic recombination, increased mutation frequency and increased chromosome instability; null mutant has increased thermotolerance and decreased sporulation efficiency in aging cells; null is pheromone-unresponsive; conditional mutant has defective silencing at telomeres, HML, HMR and rDNA loci; heterozygous null mutant is haploinsufficient; overexpression increases ionic stress resistance and both replicative and chronological lifespan
Classical Genetics
- null
- cell size: increased
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- chemical compound excretion: decreased
- chromosome/plasmid maintenance: abnormal
- chronological lifespan: decreased
- chronological lifespan: increased
- chronological lifespan: normal
- colony sectoring: increased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- growth in exponential phase: increased rate
- innate thermotolerance: decreased
- innate thermotolerance: increased
- ionic stress resistance: decreased
- mating response: absent
- meiotic recombination: increased
- mitotic recombination: increased
- mitotic recombination: increased rate
- mutation frequency: increased
- oxidative stress resistance: decreased
- oxidative stress resistance: increased
- oxidative stress resistance: normal
- protein activity: increased
- protein/peptide accumulation: decreased
- protein/peptide accumulation: increased
- protein/peptide distribution: abnormal
- protein/peptide modification: increased
- replicative lifespan: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- RNA accumulation: decreased
- RNA accumulation: increased
- RNA localization: abnormal
- silencing: decreased
- sporulation efficiency: decreased
- toxin resistance: increased
- vegetative growth: increased
- overexpression
- reduction of function
- conditional
- unspecified
- null
- chemical compound accumulation: abnormal
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- haploinsufficient
- killer toxin resistance: increased
- liquid culture appearance: abnormal
- mating response: absent
- metal resistance: increased
- mutation frequency: increased
- oxidative stress resistance: decreased
- replicative lifespan: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- respiratory growth: absent
- vegetative growth: decreased rate
- viable
Large-scale Survey
Disease
Disease Annotations consist of three mandatory components: a gene product, a term from the Disease Ontology (DO) controlled vocabulary and an evidence code. SGD provides manually curated DO Annotations derived from the literature. Click "Disease Details" to view all Disease information and evidence for this locus as well as diseases it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Yeast SIR2 is homologous to human SIRT1, and has been used to study prostate cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes mellitus
Manually Curated
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
- Summary
- Sir2p interacts physically with proteins involved in chromatic organization, SIR2 interacts genetically with genes involved in DNA repair; the sir2 null mutant is viable; the null mutant of paralog hst1 is viable; the sir2 hst1 double mutant displays a synthetic growth defect.
727 total interactions for 404 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 67
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 4
- Affinity Capture-Western: 63
- Biochemical Activity: 14
- Co-crystal Structure: 2
- Co-localization: 13
- Co-purification: 6
- Protein-peptide: 2
- Protein-RNA: 1
- Proximity Label-MS: 3
- Reconstituted Complex: 18
- Two-hybrid: 32
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Lethality: 1
- Dosage Rescue: 22
- Negative Genetic: 5
- Phenotypic Enhancement: 62
- Phenotypic Suppression: 143
- Positive Genetic: 1
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 216
- Synthetic Lethality: 7
- Synthetic Rescue: 45
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Summary Paragraph
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2008-03-06
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.