ALG14 / YBR070C Overview
- Standard Name
- ALG14 1 2
- Systematic Name
- YBR070C
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000000274
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Component of UDP-GlcNAc transferase; required for second step of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis; anchors catalytic subunit Alg13p to ER membrane; localizes to the peroxisome; similar to bacterial and human glycosyltransferases; both human homologs ALG13 and ALG14 are required to complement yeast alg14 mutant; mutations of human ALG14 cause congenital myasthenic syndrome 1 2 3 5 6
- Name Description
- Asparagine Linked Glycosylation 4
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Length (a.a.)
- 237
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 27049.5
- Isoelectric Point
- 10.17
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 1855 +/- 1794
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all ALG14 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- An N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is a component of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex that is involved in the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process; localizes to the intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
- contributes to N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity (IMP, IDA)
- enables protein-membrane adaptor activity (IMP)
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process (IMP, IDA, IPI)
Cellular Component
- Manually Curated
- located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane (IDA)
- located in lipid droplet (IDA)
- located in nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network (IDA)
- located in peroxisome (HDA)
- part of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex (IPI)
Complex
Macromolecular complex annotations are imported from the Complex Portal. These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background.
Pathways
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Essential gene; conditional mutants are sensitive to heat; reduced function mutants show increased competitive fitness, increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and to heat; repression increases chromosome rearrangements and chromosome loss
Classical Genetics
- null
- reduction of function
- reduction of function
- repressible
- unspecified
- conditional
- null
Large-scale Survey
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
401 total interactions for 305 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 2
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 8
- Affinity Capture-Western: 10
- Biochemical Activity: 1
- Co-fractionation: 4
- Co-purification: 1
- PCA: 1
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Rescue: 1
- Negative Genetic: 300
- Positive Genetic: 69
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 2
- Synthetic Lethality: 2
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
- Summary
- ALG14 encodes an anchoring subunit of a UDP-GlcNAc transferase involved in the first step of N-linked glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - the assembly of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO), which then serves as a donor in the second step - the transfer of the oligosaccharide to asparagine residues of nascent polypeptides. The lipid component that anchors the LLO in the ER membrane is dolichol (Dol), a polyisoprenoid molecule composed in yeast of 15-16 isoprene units. The LLO assembly involves sequential additions of two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), nine mannose (Man), and three glucose (Glc) residues. Alg14p forms a complex with its catalytic subunit Alg14p and the complex catalyzes the second step in this process, the addition of the second GlcNAc moiety to Dol-PP-GlcNAc, the product of an earlier reaction catalyzed by UDP-GlcNAc transferase Alg7p. The subsequent steps involve the addition of one Man molecule by Alg1p, two branching Man molecules by an alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase Alg2p, followed by two consecutive additions of Man by an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase Alg11p. All these steps take place on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane and the product, Dol-PP-GlcNAc2-Man5, is then flipped to the ER lumen by an unknown flippase. In the ER lumen, the oligosaccharide chain is elongated by four more Man residues, catalyzed by mannosyltransferases Alg3p, Alg12p and Alg9p, and three Glc residues, catalyzed by glucosyltransferases Alg6p, Alg8p and Alg10p. The final product delivers the 14 glycan molecule to the hetero-oligomeric oligosaccharyltransferase (Ost) complex (Ost1p, Ost2p, Ost3p, Ost4p, Ost5p, Ost6p, Stt3p, Swp1p, and Wbp1p), which transfers the entire oligosaccharide chain to asparagine side chains in polypeptides. The entire process that leads to the assembly of the LLO must be strictly ordered and the order appears to be ensured by high substrate specificities of all the participating ALG enzymes. The regulation of the activities appears to occur at the level of substrate availability, and the rate-limiting factor may be the amount of Dol-P on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane, which seems to be primarily affected by recycling of Dol-PP released by the Ost complex. The initial steps of protein N-glycosylation are remarkably conserved in evolution and most of the yeast genes involved in this process have their known homologs in humans, many of which are implicated in severe disorders such as the CDG syndrome (congenital disorders of glycosylation) as well as congenital muscular dystrophies.
- Regulators
- 16
- Targets
- 0
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Summary Paragraph
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2005-07-01
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.