In eukaryotes, 40S ribosomal subunits move from their recruitment site on the mRNA to the initiation codon by an as yet poorly understood process. One postulated mechanism involves ribosomal shunting, in which ribosomal subunits completely bypass regions of the 5' leader. For some mRNAs, shunting has been shown to require various mRNA elements, some of which are thought to base pair to 18S rRNA; however, the role of base pairing has not yet been tested directly. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that a short mRNA element in the 5' leader of the Gtx homeodomain mRNA functioned as a ribosomal recruitment site by base pairing to the 18S rRNA. Using a model system to assess translation in transfected cells, we now show that this intermolecular interaction also facilitates ribosomal shunting across two types of obstacles: an upstream AUG codon in excellent context or a stable hairpin structure. Highly efficient shunting occurred when multiple Gtx elements were present upstream of the obstacles, and a single Gtx element was present downstream. Shunting was less efficient, however, when the multiple Gtx elements were present only upstream of the obstacles. In addition, control experiments with mRNAs lacking the upstream elements showed that these results could not be attributed to recruitment by the single downstream element. Experiments in yeast in which the mRNA elements and 18S rRNA sequences were both mutated indicated that shunting required an intact complementary match. The data obtained by this model system provide direct evidence that ribosomal shunting can be mediated by mRNA-rRNA base pairing, a finding that may have general implications for mechanisms of ribosome movement.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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