We developed a sake metabolome analysis method using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolome of various types of sakes and other alcohol beverages. Our method identified 198 compounds by comparison with standard metabolites. Using this method, we investigated the relationship between several sake-making parameters and sake metabolites by conducting combination experiments of these parameters using small-scale fermentation. The results indicated that all parameters significantly affected sake metabolites (P < 0.005) and most peaks were affected by multiple sake-making parameters. Interestingly, the effect of the rice cultivar on sake metabolites was higher for koji rice than for kake-rice. This result suggests that the rice cultivar used has a greater effect on the characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae compared to sake yeast and affects sake metabolites. In this study, we also evaluated the combined effect of several parameters. We demonstrated the different effects of each parameter on several amino acids. The results showed a new aspect of the science of sake making. For example, the amount of α-ethylglucoside, which can affect the taste of sake, was negatively correlated with α-glucosidase activity in koji (r = -0.84). In this study, various unidentified peaks were observed; detectable peaks can be increased by analyzing additional standard reagents. Investigating these unidentified peaks and accumulating datasets for sake-making parameters will give us insight into how to improve sake taste and quality.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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