This study tested the ability of MR relaxography (MRR) to discriminate intra- (Nai+) and extracellular (Nae+)23Na+ signals using their longitudinal relaxation time constant (T1) values. Na+-loaded yeast cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) suspensions were investigated. Two types of compartmental 23Na+T1 differences were examined: a selective Nae+T1 decrease induced by an extracellular relaxation reagent (RRe), GdDOTP5-; and, an intrinsic T1 difference. Parallel studies using the established method of 23Na MRS with an extracellular shift reagent (SRe), TmDOTP5-, were used to validate the MRR measurements. With 12.8 mM RRe, the 23Nae+T1 was 2.4 ms and the 23Nai+T1 was 9.5 ms (9.4 T, 24 degrees C). The Na+ amounts and spontaneous efflux rate constants were found to be identical within experimental error whether measured by MRR/RRe or by MRS/SRe. Without RRe, the Na+-loaded yeast cell suspension 23Na MR signal exhibited two T1 values, 9.1 (+/-0.3) ms and 32.7 (+/-2.3) ms, assigned to 23Nai+ and 23Nae+, respectively. The Nai+ content measured was lower, 0.88 (+/-0.06); while Nae+ was higher, 1.43 (+/-0.12) compared with MRS/SRe measures on the same samples. However, the measured efflux rate constant was identical. T1 MRR potentially may be used for Nai+ determination in vivo and Na+ flux measurements; with RRe for animal studies and without RRe for humans.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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