Fe3O4 nanoparticles, one kind of magnetic nanomaterials (NMs), are widely used in drug delivery, biological imaging, sensors, catalysts and pollution management. However, its toxicity to biological systems and related toxicity mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, we investigate the effect of as-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an important model fungus. Growth inhibition assays showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles remarkably inhibited yeast growth. Interestingly, this inhibitory effect was not attributed to the well-known plasma membrane damage, cell wall damage and ROS accumulation. Further investigations revealed that the nanoparticles strongly impaired mitochondrial functions, resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and attenuated ATP production. Most importantly, the respiratory chain complex Ⅳ, rather than other respiratory chain complexes and ATP synthases, was found to be the main target of the nanoparticles. This study uncovers a novel ROS-independent toxicity mechanism of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to eukaryotic cells.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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