Sex is common among eukaryotes, but entails considerable costs. The selective conditions that drive the evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction remain an open question. One long-standing explanation is that sex and recombination facilitate adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions, although the genetic mechanisms that underlie such a benefit have not been empirically observed. In this study, we compare the dynamics and fitness effects of mutations in sexual and asexual diploid populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during adaptation to a fluctuating environment. While we find no detectable difference in the rate of adaptation between sexual and asexual populations, only the former evolve high fitness mutations in parallel, a genetic signature of adaptation. Using genetic reconstructions and fitness assays, we demonstrate that evolved, overdominant mutations can be beneficial in asexual populations, but maintained at lower frequencies in sexual populations due to segregation load. Overall these data show that sex alters the molecular basis of adaptation in diploids, and confers both costs and benefits.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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