The environment influences how an organism's genotype determines its phenotype and how this phenotype affects its fitness. Here, to better understand this dual role of environment in the production and selection of phenotypic variation, we determined genotype-phenotype-fitness relationships for mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four environments. Specifically, we measured how promoter mutations of the metabolic gene TDH3 modified expression level and affected growth for four different carbon sources. In each environment, we observed a clear relationship between TDH3 expression level and fitness, but this relationship differed among environments. Mutations with similar effects on expression in different environments often had different effects on fitness and vice versa. Such environment-specific relationships between phenotype and fitness can shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. We also found that mutations disrupting binding sites for transcription factors had more variable effects on expression among environments than those disrupting the TATA box, which is part of the core promoter. However, mutations with the most environmentally variable effects on fitness were located in the TATA box, because of both the lack of plasticity of TATA box mutations and environment-specific fitness functions. This observation suggests that mutations affecting different molecular mechanisms contribute unequally to regulatory sequence evolution in changing environments.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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