Multicellular coordination enhances biological complexity, yet the widely used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses limited multicellular capabilities. Here, we expand the possibilities for engineering multicellular behaviors in yeast by developing modular toolkits for two key mechanisms in multicellularity, contact-dependent signaling and specific cell-cell adhesion. MARS (mating-peptide anchored response system) enables contact-dependent signaling via surface-displayed peptides and G protein-coupled receptors, mimicking juxtacrine communication, while Saccharomyces SATURN (adhesion toolkit for multicellular patterning) uses adhesion-protein pairs for the creation of programmable cell aggregation patterns. Combining these allows the construction of multicellular logic circuits, equivalent to developmental programs that lead to cell differentiation based on local population. We further created JUPITER (juxtacrine sensor for protein-protein interaction), a genetic sensor based on MARS and SATURN, for assaying protein-protein interactions and selecting high-affinity nanobody binders. Collectively, these toolkits present versatile building blocks for constructing complex, user-defined multicellular yeast systems and expand the scope of its biotechnological applications.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Increase the total number of rows showing on this page by using the pull-down located below the table, or use the page scroll at the table's top right to browse through the table's pages; use the arrows to the right of a column header to sort by that column; filter the table using the "Filter" box at the top of the table; click on the small "i" buttons located within a cell for an annotation to view further details about experiment type and any other genes involved in the interaction.
| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Increase the total number of rows displayed on this page using the pull-down located below the table, or use the page scroll at the table's top right to browse through the table's pages; use the arrows to the right of a column header to sort by that column; filter the table using the "Filter" box at the top of the table; download this table as a .txt file using the Download button;
| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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