ADK1 / YDR226W Overview
- Standard Name
- ADK1 1
- Systematic Name
- YDR226W
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000002634
- Aliases
- AKY1 , AKY2 7 8
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Adenylate kinase, required for purine metabolism; controls ATP homeostasis; localized to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria; lacks cleavable signal sequence; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; mutations affecting Adk1p catalytic activity deregulate expression of phosphate utilization genes PHO5 and PHO84; human homolog AK1 can complement yeast adk1 mutant 1 2 3 4 5 6
- Name Description
- ADenylate Kinase 1
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Summary
- Lacks cleavable signal sequence; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
- Length (a.a.)
- 222
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 24252.0
- Isoelectric Point
- 6.37
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 56107 +/- 23955
- Half-life (hr)
- 12.2
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all ADK1 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Adenylate kinase that transfers phosphate from ATP to AMP; involved in the initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; localizes to both the cytoplasm and mitochondrial intermembrane space
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
- enables adenylate kinase activity (IDA, IMP)
- enables DNA replication origin binding (IDA)
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in ADP biosynthetic process (IDA)
- involved in DNA replication initiation (IMP)
- involved in nucleotide metabolic process (IMP)
- involved in pre-replicative complex assembly (IMP)
Cellular Component
- Manually Curated
- located in cytoplasm (IDA)
- located in mitochondrial intermembrane space (IDA)
- located in mitochondrion (HDA)
Pathways
- adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
- superpathway of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
- superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
- superpathway of purine biosynthesis and salvage pathways
- superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis
- de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Non-essential gene; null mutant displays slow growth and inability to utilize non-fermentable carbon sources (glycerol, lactate); also shows depleted pool of ADP and ATP, increased accumulation of ethanol and glycerol, inositol auxotrophy and delayed progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle
Classical Genetics
- null
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- chromosome/plasmid maintenance: abnormal
- growth in exponential phase: decreased rate
- heat sensitivity: increased
- metal resistance: decreased
- respiratory metabolism: increased
- toxin resistance: decreased
- utilization of carbon source: absent
- utilization of carbon source: increased
- vegetative growth: decreased
- viability: decreased
- viable
- reduction of function
- null
- auxotrophy
- bud morphology: abnormal
- cell cycle progression in G1 phase: increased duration
- cell size: increased
- chemical compound accumulation: abnormal
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- chronological lifespan: decreased
- competitive fitness: decreased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- endocytosis: decreased
- endoplasmic reticulum morphology: abnormal
- heat sensitivity: increased
- hyperosmotic stress resistance: decreased
- inviable
- killer toxin resistance: decreased
- lipid particle morphology: abnormal
- metal resistance: decreased
- protein/peptide accumulation: increased
- protein/peptide distribution: abnormal
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- resistance to enzymatic treatment: decreased
- respiratory growth: absent
- respiratory growth: increased
- toxin resistance: decreased
- utilization of carbon source: decreased rate
- utilization of phosphorus source: decreased
- vacuolar morphology: abnormal
- vegetative growth: decreased
- vegetative growth: decreased rate
- viable
Large-scale Survey
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
131 total interactions for 124 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 51
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 10
- Affinity Capture-Western: 1
- Biochemical Activity: 7
- Co-purification: 1
- PCA: 3
- Protein-peptide: 3
- Proximity Label-MS: 1
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Rescue: 1
- Negative Genetic: 39
- Phenotypic Suppression: 1
- Positive Genetic: 11
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 2
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
- Summary
- ADK1 encodes adenylate kinase that is a key enzyme in adenine nucleotide biosynthesis and in energy metabolism. Adk1p transfers a phosphate group from ATP to AMP to yield two ADP molecules. The enzyme is localized in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. The ADK1 gene is constitutively expressed, but the protein abundance has been shown to increase under a DNA replication stress. Inactivation of Adk1p results in strong transcriptional induction of genes involved in phosphate utilization (PHO genes) and in 'de novo' biosynthesis of AMP (ADE genes), suggesting a coordinated regulation of the phosphate assimilation and purine nucleotide synthesis pathways. The exact mechanism and the role of Adk1p in this regulation system are not known, but it is likely that Adk1p activity impacts the availability of adenylic nucleotides, which provides a metabolic signal to coordinate the transcriptional response of the two pathways. Ectopic expression of human homolog AK1 restores this regulation in yeast adk1 mutants.
- Regulators
- 9
- Targets
- 0
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.