ATG21 / YPL100W Overview
- Standard Name
- ATG21 1
- Systematic Name
- YPL100W
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000006021
- Aliases
- MAI1 2 , HSV1 3
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (CVT) pathway, autophagy, micronucleophagy and mitophagy; binds to several phosphoinositides including PtdIns(3,5)P2, PI3P and PI4P; involved in PI3P-dependent recruitment and organization of both Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex and Atg8p at pre-autophagosomal structure; necessary for oxidant-induced cell death; targeted to vacuole via AP-3 pathway; WD-40 repeat containing PROPPIN family member 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- Name Description
- AuTophaGy related 1
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Length (a.a.)
- 496
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 55189.9
- Isoelectric Point
- 7.58
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 1931 +/- 368
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all ATG21 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding protein involved in macroautophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (CVT) pathway, mitochondrion degradation, piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus, protein lipidation and vesicle organization; localizes to the vacuole membrane and endosome
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
- enables phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding (IDA)
- enables phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding (IDA)
- enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding (IDA)
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in autophagy of mitochondrion (IMP)
- involved in cytoplasm to vacuole targeting by the Cvt pathway (IMP)
- involved in macroautophagy (IMP)
- involved in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (IMP)
- involved in protein lipidation (IMP)
- involved in protein localization to phagophore assembly site (IMP)
- involved in vesicle organization (IMP)
Cellular Component
- Manually Curated
- located in cytosol (IDA)
- located in endosome (IDA)
- located in fungal-type vacuole membrane (HDA, IDA)
- located in phagophore assembly site (IDA, IMP)
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Non-essential gene; null mutant is defective in autophagy, mitophagy, micronucleophagy and the CVT pathway; null mutant has a respiratory growth defect, decreased anaerobic growth, a decreased rate of nitrogen utilization, decreased starvation resistance and reduced viability when starved for nitrogen; null mutant displays decreased competitive fitness on various media; null mutant displays reduced chronological lifespan, decreased resistance to desiccation, and to zinc treatment; null mutant has a vacuolar fragmentation defect and an endocytosis defect; homozygous diploid null has decreased sporulation efficiency; heterozygous diploid null is haploinsufficient; overexpression results in abnormal secretion of CPY
Classical Genetics
- overexpression
- null
- autophagy: absent
- autophagy: decreased
- cell death: decreased
- metal resistance: decreased
- mitophagy: decreased
- protein/peptide accumulation: increased
- protein/peptide distribution: abnormal
- protein/peptide modification: decreased
- respiratory growth: absent
- sporulation efficiency: decreased
- vacuolar morphology: abnormal
- viability: decreased
- viable
- reduction of function
- null
- anaerobic growth: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: abnormal
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- chronological lifespan: decreased
- competitive fitness: decreased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- endocytosis: decreased
- haploinsufficient
- protein/peptide distribution: abnormal
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- starvation resistance: decreased
- utilization of nitrogen source: decreased rate
- vacuolar morphology: abnormal
- vegetative growth: abnormal
- viable
Large-scale Survey
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
232 total interactions for 145 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 2
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 2
- Affinity Capture-Western: 3
- Biochemical Activity: 8
- Co-crystal Structure: 1
- Co-localization: 2
- Co-purification: 1
- PCA: 6
- Proximity Label-MS: 3
- Reconstituted Complex: 3
- Two-hybrid: 7
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Growth Defect: 1
- Dosage Rescue: 3
- Negative Genetic: 140
- Phenotypic Enhancement: 9
- Phenotypic Suppression: 1
- Positive Genetic: 29
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 8
- Synthetic Lethality: 2
- Synthetic Rescue: 1
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
- Regulators
- 1
- Targets
- 0
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Summary Paragraph
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2008-04-25
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.